Below are examples of the reactions carried out using the fReactor platform, documented in peer-reviewed articles. Newest first, except for the first article where it all began!
Example reactions carried out on the fReactor platform - including photochemical reactions and an array of single and multi-phasic reactions
| Chapman MR, Kwan MH, King G, Jolley KE, Hussain M, Hussain S, Salama IE, Gonzalez Nino C, Thompson LA, Bayana ME, Clayton AD, Bao NN, Turner NJ, Kapur N, Blacker JA. Simple and Versatile Laboratory Scale CSTR for Multiphasic Continuous-Flow Chemistry and Long Residence Times. Organic Process Research & Development. 2017 Jul 20;21(9):1294-301. doi:10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00173 | |
|---|---|
| Enzymatic Biotransformation: Imine Reductase | Liquid |
| Synthesis of N-Chloroamines: continuous Liquid Biphase Reaction of NaOCl with amine in toluene and water | Liquid-liquid |
| N-Acetylation of Ethylene Diamine - liquid biphase monoacetylation reactioneaction | Liquid-liquid |
| Heterocyclization: NaOH-promoted cycloisomerization reaction of N-propargyl 2-aminopyridinium bromide with extraction of product to an organic phase, and in-line separation | Liquid to liquid-liquid including inline separation |
| Crystallization: diastereomeric crystallization of Salsolidine and (S)-Mandelic Acid | Liquid to liquid-solid |
| Hydrogenation: Triphasic Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene | Gas-liquid-solid |
| Power L, Clayton AD, Reynolds W, Hose D, Ainsworth C, Chamberlain TW, Nguyen BN, Bourne R, Kapur N, Blacker J. Selective Separation of Amines from Continuous Processes using Automated pH Controlled Extraction. Reaction Chemistry & Engineering. 2021 doi:10.1039/D1RE00205H | |
| Separation of amines, includes automated pH adjustment, use of fReactor probe adapters, multiphasic flow and in-flow separation | Liquid-Liquid |
| Guan F, Blacker AJ, Hall B, Kapur N, Wen J, Zhang X. . High-pressure asymmetric hydrogenation in a customized flow reactor and its application in multi-step flow synthesis of chiral drugs. Journal of Flow 2021 Chemistry. doi:10.1007/s41981-021-00143-8 | |
| multi-step asymmetric flow syntheses of ezetimibe and eslicarbazepine acetate. Uses fReactors for longer residence time reactions with Pd/C held in each reactor with a frit | gas-liquid-solid |
| Guan F, Kapur N, Sim L, Taylor CJ, Wen J, Zhang X, Blacker AJ. 2020. A universal reactor platform for batch and flow: application to homogeneous and heterogeneous hydrogenation. Reaction Chemistry & Engineering. 1903-1908 5.10 doi:10.1039/D0RE00061B | |
| Screening hydrogenations carried out in batch under pressure showing the capabilities as efficient hydrogenation reactors | Gas/liquid; gas/liquid/solid |
| hydrogenations carried out in flow under pressure | Gas/liquid; gas/liquid/solid |
| Manson JA, Clayton AD, Gonzalez Niño C, Labes R, Chamberlain T, Blacker AJ, Kapur N, Bourne RA. 2019. A Hybridised Optimisation of an Automated Photochemical Continuous Flow Reactor. Chimia. 817-822 73.10 10.2533/chimia.2019.817 | |
| Photochemical flow study showing 10x photon flux increase over typical batch operation | Liquid (single phase) |
| Aerobic oxidation of sp³ C-H bonds using benzophenone as photosensitizer | gas/liquid |
| Jolley KE, Chapman MR, Blacker AJ. A general and atom-efficient continuous-flow approach to prepare amines, amides and imines via reactive N-chloramines. Beilstein journal of organic chemistry. 2018 Aug 24;14(1):2220-8. doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.196 | |
| Preparation of amines, amides and imines via reactive N-chloramines, including telescoping of reactions to remove isolation and purification of intermediates. | Liquid-liquid |
| Chapman MR, Cosgrove SC, Turner NJ, Kapur N, Blacker AJ. Highly Productive Oxidative Biocatalysis in Continuous Flow by Surpassing the Aqueous Equilibrium Solubility of Oxygen. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2018 May 9.doi:10.1002/anie.201803675 | |
| Oxidative Biocatalysis: alcohols and amines oxidized to produce a range of aldehydes and imines | Liquid (liberating gas byproduct) |